Introduction

as  you may read in @abysssec in twitter  actually in past a few months we did a cool research on bypassing anti-viruses and got really great result .

Bypassing anti-viruses is not a new topic and it’s still about encrypting / decrypting  of a program to being hide from AV eyes. In past it was really, really easy task to do but AV’s getting smarter and bypassing all anti-viruses with some really unique methods that each of them use is not funny and neither easy to do.

before i go feature i like to have a simple glossary for unfamiliar readers.

Glossary

Crypter : the program (mostly GUI) will crypt the malware / bot to make it hide from anti-viruses

Stub : the Decryptor of crypted program

FUD : Fully Un Detectable (FUD = no AV detect)

RUNPE : run the PE without headers in memory

USG : unique stub generator. (make unique stubs)

Binder: will join two file will drop in hdd or mem

Pumper: will increase size of tool

EOF  : end of file(in crypter it need to preserve)

Cloner : will clone the file (Decryptor like in HDD)

Icon Changer: will change the final exe icon

well there are two also different kind of crypters scan time and run time. The good crypter is run time one because as it name says the scan time crypter is just FUD at scan time and when you run it and after real malware decrypted  it will be detect  so not that useful. And the real crypter is the runtime one.

How it works ?

if we remove all complex technical info for bypassing all 35 anti-virus around the world it works really sample.

it simply encrypt  program, decrypt, and  then run it in memory. encryption algorithm is not important and sample ideas are enough to make a crypter fud

but some of mostly used alghortims are :

steps and idea are really sample :

CreateProcess

Find Base address

Virtualalloc

Align sections

Fix thread context

Resume thread

but this is not easy to hide this kind of API chaining from anti-viruses .

so we finished our research by writing a new fud crypter and our crypter is unique and different with public ones .

our crypter is unique and can bypass all 35 exist av right now .

here is list of AV we fully tested our crypters on them .

 - Ad-Aware
 - AhnLab V3 Internet Security
 - ArcaVir
 - Avast
 - Avast 5
 - AVG Free
 - AntiVir (Avira)
 - BitDefender
 - BullGuard
 - VirusBuster Internet Security
 - Clam Antivirus
 - COMODO Internet Security
 - Dr.Web
 - eTrust-Vet
 - F-PROT Antivirus
 - F-Secure Internet Security
 - G Data
 - IKARUS Security
 - Kaspersky Antivirus
 - McAfee
 - MS Security Essentials
 - ESET NOD32
 - Norman
 - Norton Antivirus
 - Panda Security
 - A-Squared
 - Quick Heal Antivirus
 - Rising Antivirus
 - Solo Antivirus
 - Sophos
 - Trend Micro Internet Security
 - VBA32 Antivirus
 - Vexira Antivirus
 - Webroot Internet Security
 - Zoner AntiVirus

we even tested 10 year ago malware and our crypter can hide them from any anti-virus system .

our crypter comes with some unique features here is some of them

 - FUD 0 / 35 detection

 - EOF support

 - Coded in C/ASM Stub and GUI In C#
 - Compatible with Win 2k/XP/7 x32 and x64
 - Ability of bypassing heuristic and emulators (Kaspersky pro-acvtive defense , Nod32 advanced heuristic , Norton Sonar, Avira heuristic)
 - Command line support
 - Unicode support (chines , russian and so on)
 - Right-to-Left Exploit after crypting you can have .mp3 , doc , pdf , avi or anything as output !!!
 - inbuilt scanner and scanning with 35 anti-virus after cryptring
 - advanced file binder with drop in disk and memory
 - Anti-debug
 - Anti-sandbox
 - advanced encryption : Double XOR , RC4, AES256
 - Advanced resource storage : unique method

here is some screen shot of GUI :

and finally you can see the actual work in a demo here :

http://abysssec.com/files/VampCrypt.rar

as we don’t want harm anyone if you are :

- penetration testing company

- anti virus / IDS company

- any legit company who needs it

” please note that WE DON”T give tool / technology to PERSON . ONLY VERIFIED COMPANY ”  

contact : info [at] abysssec.com

and as always you can follow @abysssec in twitter

happy fudding .

is this post we are going to do some clarification also share and drop some random 0day DEP/ASLR bypass using 3rd parties .

due to there is lots of things to say we wrote all the notes as an article called “The Arashi”.

Table of content :

===============================================================

Introduction and warning

The Story of Sayonara

First Method: ASLR Bitter

Second Method: Process Explorer

Narly Windbg Extension

Mona / PVEFindAddr

Ropping this fun DLL

First 0day tatsumaki

Second (half) 0day Ikazuchi

Third 0day Sugokunai

Final Note

===============================================================

and finally  here you can download it from  : here

note that the offer in paper will be expire in 10 day so if you are verified and need one of modules let us know .

as always feel free to contact us : info [at] abysssec.com

and also follow @abysssec in twitter

we know that there are thousands and millions of online game players around and we guess lots of them may like to cheat this is our totally offensive research that we did to present in immunity infiltrate and as we missed that so here we go .

This research is about hacking /exploiting / cheating in online games and is sponsored by immunity.

This is a six part talk and contains:

Part I   : introduction

Part II: Hacking Online Game Servers

Part III: Exploiting Online Games

Part IV: Cheating in Online games

Part V   : Creating your own cheats

Part VI: Bypassing anti-cheat engines

Real world cheating is mainly focused on in this talk as it’s fun and legal.
During this talk we will have a tour into all the ways to manipulate an online game
and we will end up with bypassing the latest anti-cheating technologies and
manipulating the game to our heart’s desire.

Our case studies are:

1 -counter strike (half-life) as game:

2- SXE-Injected and Valve-anti cheat (VAC) as anti-cheat engines

Our codes will be release soon as soon we can but if you are hurry to use some cheats you can find almost all necessary codes in slides also there is two demos for proofing our research. We really enjoyed this research and it’s done from our side hope you enjoy too.

You can download slides here:

ppt : Exploiting-Online-Games

Font : in case if you have problem with embedded one

PDF : Exploiting-Online-Games

PS 1 : video demos are ready but due to those are huge we need to find a better way to compress them after that we will post them here.

PS 2 : Tools will be release after a while .

For getting updates about tools / videos please follow @abysssec in twitter.

For any question please contact:

Shahin [at] abysssec.com

For any other requirement please contact:

Info [at] abysssec.com

Kind Regards

Good Or Bad we released lots of 0days and binary analyses during a month (September) and you can use these info for owning websites UN-patched clients  or writing more secure applications .

here is summary:

Day1:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #1 – Adobe Acrobat Reader and Flash Player “newclass” invalid pointer

MOAUB #1 – Adobe Acrobat Reader and Flash Player “newclass” invalid pointer – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #1 – Cpanel PHP Restriction Bypass Vulnerability 0day

MOAUB #1 – Cpanel PHP Restriction Bypass Vulnerability 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day2:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #2 – Apple QuickTime FlashPix NumberOfTiles Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #2 – Apple QuickTime FlashPix NumberOfTiles Vulnerability – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #2 – Rainbowportal Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #2 – Rainbowportal Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities – 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day3:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #3 – Trend Micro Internet Security Pro 2010 ActiveX extSetOwner Remote Code Execution

MOAUB #3 – Trend Micro Internet Security Pro 2010 ActiveX extSetOwner – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #3 – Visinia 1.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #3 – Visinia CMS Multiple Vulnerabilities – 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day4:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #4 – Movie Maker Remote Code Execution (MS10-016)

MOAUB #4 – Movie Maker Remote Code Execution (MS10-016) – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #4 – syndeocms 2.8.02 Multiple Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #4 – Syndeocms 2.8.02 Multiple Vulnerabilities – 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day5:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #5 – Microsoft MPEG Layer-3 Remote Command Execution Exploit

MOAUB #5 – Microsoft MPEG Layer-3 Remote Command Execution – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #5 – IfNuke Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities 0day

MOAUB #5 – IfNuke Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day6:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #6 – HP OpenView NNM webappmon.exe execvp_nc Remote Code Execution

MOAUB #6 – HP OpenView NNM webappmon execvp_nc Remote Code Execution – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #6 – InterPhoto Gallery Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #6 – InterPhoto Gallery Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities – 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day7:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #7 – Novell Netware NWFTPD RMD/RNFR/DELE Argument Parsing Buffer overflow

MOAUB #7 – Novell Netware NWFTPD RMD/RNFR/DELE Argument Parsing Buffer overflow

0day:

MOAUB #7 – DynPage <= v1.0 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities – 0day

MOAUB #7 – DynPage <= v1.0 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities – 0day

———————————————————————————–

Day8:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #8 – Microsoft Office Visio DXF File Stack based Overflow

MOAUB #8 – Microsoft Office Visio DXF File Stack based Overflow – Binary Analysis

0day:

MOAUB #8 – Sirang Web-Based D-Control Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #8 – Sirang Web-Based D-Control Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities – 0 day

———————————————————————————–

Day9:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #9 – Mozilla Firefox XSLT Sort Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #9 – Mozilla Firefox XSLT Sort Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

0day:

FestOS CMS 2.3b Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #9 – FestOS CMS 2.3b Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day10:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #10 – Excel RTD Memory Corruption

MOAUB #10 – Excel RTD Memory Corruption

0day:

MOAUB #10 – aradBlog Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #10 – aradBlog Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day11:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #11 – Microsoft Office Word 2007 sprmCMajority Buffer Overflow

MOAUB #11 – Microsoft Office Word 2007 sprmCMajority Buffer Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #11 – ASP Nuke SQL Injection Vulnerability

MOAUB #11 – ASP Nuke Sql Injection Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day12:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #12 – Adobe Acrobat and Reader “pushstring” Memory Corruption

MOAUB #12 – Adobe Acrobat and Reader “pushstring” Memory Corruption

0day:

MOAUB #12 – eshtery CMS SQL Injection Vulnerability

MOAUB #12 – eshtery CMS SQL Injection Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day13:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #13 – RealPlayer FLV Parsing Integer Overflow

MOAUB #13 – RealPlayer FLV Parsing Integer Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #13 – Luftguitar CMS Vulnerability: Upload Arbitrary File

MOAUB #13 – Luftguitar CMS Vulnerability: Upload Arbitrary File

———————————————————————————–

Day14:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #14 – Novell iPrint Client Browser Plugin ExecuteRequest debug Parameter Stack Overflow

MOAUB #14 – Novell iPrint Client Browser Plugin ExecuteRequest debug Stack Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #14 – FreeDiscussionForums v1.0 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #14 – FreeDiscussionForums v1.0 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day15:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #15 – Ipswitch Imail Server List Mailer Reply-To Address Memory Corruption

MOAUB #15 – Ipswitch Imail Server List Mailer Reply-To Address Memory Corruption

0day:

MOAUB #15 – PHP MicroCMS 1.0.1 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #15 – PHP MicroCMS 1.0.1 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day16:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #16 – Microsoft Excel HFPicture Record Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #16 – Microsoft Excel HFPicture Record Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

0day:

MOAUB #16 – mojoportal Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #16 – mojoportal Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day17:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #17 – Firefox Plugin Parameter EnsureCachedAttrParamArrays Remote Code Execution

MOAUB #17 – Firefox Plugin Parameter EnsureCachedAttrParamArrays Remote Code Execution

0day:

MOAUB #17 – phpmyfamily Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #17 – phpmyfamily Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day18:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #18 – Apple QuickTime FLI LinePacket Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #18 – Apple QuickTime FLI LinePacket Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

0day:

MOAUB #18 – CMSimple XSRF Vulnerability

MOAUB #18- CMSimple XSRF Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day19:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #19 – Novell iPrint Client Browser Plugin call-back-url Stack Overflow

MOAUB #19 – Novell iPrint Client Browser Plugin call-back-url Stack Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #19 – JMD-CMS Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #19 – JMD-CMS Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day20:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #20 – Java CMM readMabCurveData Stack Overflow

MOAUB #20 – Java CMM readMabCurveData Stack Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #20 – VWD-CMS CSRF Vulnerability

MOAUB #20 – VWD-CMS CSRF Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day21:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #21 – Microsoft Excel WOPT Record Parsing Heap Memory Corruption

MOAUB #21 – Microsoft Excel WOPT Record Parsing Heap Memory Corruption

0day:

MOAUB #21 – Personal.Net Portal Multiple Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #21 – Personal.Net Portal Multiple Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day22:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #22 – Adobe Shockwave Director tSAC Chunk Memory Corruption

MOAUB #22 – Adobe Shockwave Director tSAC Chunk Memory Corruption

0day:

MOAUB #22 – gausCMS Multiple Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #22 – gausCMS Multiple Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day23:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #23 – Adobe Acrobat Reader and Flash ‘newfunction’ Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #23 – Adobe Acrobat Reader and Flash ‘newfunction’ Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

0day:

MOAUB #23 – Microsoft Excel HFPicture Record Parsing Memory Corruption (0day)

MOAUB #23 – Microsoft Excel HFPicture Record Parsing Memory Corruption (0day)

———————————————————————————–

Day24:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #24 – Microsoft Excel OBJ Record Stack Overflow

MOAUB #24 – Microsoft Excel OBJ Record Stack Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #24 – Microsoft MPEG Layer-3 Audio Decoder Division By Zero

MOAUB #24 – Microsoft MPEG Layer-3 Audio Decoder Division By Zero

———————————————————————————–

Day25:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #25 – Mozilla Firefox CSS font-face Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MOAUB #25 – Mozilla Firefox CSS font-face Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

0day:

MOAUB #25 – VisualSite CMS v1.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities

MOAUB #25 – VisualSite CMS v1.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities

———————————————————————————–

Day26:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #26 – Microsoft Cinepak Codec CVDecompress Heap Overflow

MOAUB #26 – Microsoft Cinepak Codec CVDecompress Heap Overflow

0day:

MOAUB #26 – Zenphoto Config Update and Command Execute Vulnerability

MOAUB #26 – Zenphoto Config Update and Command Execute Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day27:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #27 – Microsoft Internet Explorer MSHTML Findtext Processing Issue

MOAUB #27 – Microsoft Internet Explorer MSHTML Findtext Processing Issue

0day:

MOAUB #27 – ndCMS Sql Injection Vulnerability

MOAUB #27 – ndCMS Sql Injection Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day28:

0day:

MOAUB #28 – JE CMS 1.0.0 Bypass Authentication by SQL Injection Vulnerability

MOAUB #28 – JE CMS 1.0.0 Bypass Authentication by SQL Injection Vulnerability

0day:

MOAUB #28 – AtomatiCMS Upload Arbitrary File Vulnerability

MOAUB #28 – AtomatiCMS Upload Arbitrary File Vulnerability

———————————————————————————–

Day29:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #29 – Microsoft Excel SxView Record Parsing Heap Memory Corruption

MOAUB #29 – Microsoft Excel SxView Record Parsing Heap Memory Corruption

Day30:

Binary Analysis:

MOAUB #30 – Microsoft Unicode Scripts Processor Remote Code Execution

MOAUB #30 – Microsoft Unicode Scripts Processor Remote Code Execution

0day:

MOAUB #30 – ASPMass Shopping Cart Vulnerability File Upload CSRF

MOAUB #30 – ASPMass Shopping Cart Vulnerability File Upload CSRF

———————————————————————————–

Press :

PS : during these project and maybe we made some technical and non-technical mistakes due to complexly and compaction of this work and we hope we can fix some of them.

at end we are happy with result and your kind feedback.

for sure we will have really more interesting projects soon as soon possible and we think you will like them as well .

please follow me on twitter with @abysssec for other news projects and stay tunned for more projects .

as always finally if you have any question feel free to contact :

shahin [at] abysssec.com

info [at] abysssec.com

]]> http://www.abysssec.com/blog/2010/09/01/moaub-1/feed/ 0 http://www.abysssec.com/blog/2010/08/17/month-of-abysssec-undisclosed-bugs-coming/ http://www.abysssec.com/blog/2010/08/17/month-of-abysssec-undisclosed-bugs-coming/#comments Tue, 17 Aug 2010 19:26:18 +0000 shahin http://www.abysssec.com/blog/?p=1204 hello to all after a while we have big surprise for you .

We are about to unleash our Month Of Abysssec Undisclosed Bugs on exploit-db. Starting on the 1st of September, we will release a collection of 0days,  web application vulnerabilities, and detailed binary analysis (and pocs) for recently released advisories by vendors such as Microsoft, Mozilla, Sun, Apple, Adobe, HP, Novel, etc. The 0day collection includes PoCs and Exploits for Microsoft Excel, Internet Explorer,Microsoft codecs, Cpanel and others.  The MOAUB will be hosted on the Exploit Database, and will be updated on a daily basis. Get your hard-hats on, your VM’s and debugging tools organized – it’s gonna be a an intensive ride!

this is link on exploit-db  :

http://www.exploit-db.com/moaub-0days-binary-analysis-exploit-pocs/

Follow Abysssec twitter to keep updated!

stay tunned .

this is v0.1 of this post and in this post i’m going to have a review and brief history on exploitation with focus on windows .

this post will be  done III part :

• part I     : brief history of buffer overflow
• part II   : history of windows exploitation from windows 2000 to windows 7
• part III : feature of exploitation

Part I  : brief history of buffer overflow

Starring : Robert morris , Aleph_one , Solar designer , Matt Conover , Casper Dik

it’s been long time after :

morris worm in 1988 (first known computer worm that used a buffer overflow to attack)

aleph one wrote Smashing The Stack For Fun Profit in phrack 49 in ~1996

so he start taking about detailed strcpy exploitation :

Matt Conover wrote first detailed heap overflow tutorial in 1999 heap tut

and solar designer wrote first generic heap exploit on windows netscape exploit

==============================================
at that times because of really low OS memory protections and also low application specific protections (can also called CPU and compilers problem !) , a poor input validation and an insecure memory copy was enough to corrupting memory (mostly in stack area) and overwriting a function return address and getting control of instruction pointer (IP , EIP) and then by storing malicious code (called shellcode) and using a pointer (mostly stack pointer (ESP)) execution flow can be change and pointer to attacker malicious (or educational ;) )  code.

so OS developers and security guys had to think about memory protections and casper dik in nov 1996 wrote a kernel run-time patch to implement non-executable-stacks for Solaris 2.4 to 2.5.1 http://seclists.org/bugtraq/1996/Nov/57

and later solar designer released same thing to remove executable permission for stack on the linux here

and around ~2000 solar designer made return-to-libc attacks to return in executable page and functions in memory for bypassing non-executable memory. the basic idea was  after controlling executing flow return to some function like system() and executing a single command or …. but there was a problem and the attacker was limit in payload selection and can’t use advanced payloads .

so around ~2000 we had :

• basic / intermediate stack overflows
• basic heap overflows
• basic / intermediate format strings (killed so soon !)
• basic memory protections
• basic bypass memory protections
• also some other type of memory corruptions (not so general)

=========================================

part II  : history of windows exploitation from windows 2000 to windows 7

Starring : Alexander Sotirov , Mark Dowd , John McDonald, Chris Valasek , Chris Anley , Brett Moore , David litchfield , Nicolas Waisman , Dave Aitel , Halvar Flake ,  Cesar Cerrudo , Matt Miller , ken johnson , S.K Chong ,  Dionysus Blazakis  , hd moore , FlashSky , Ruben Santamarta .

welcome to windows world !

i wanna start from windows 2000  final version of NT family because i think older windows are not interesting enough to talk about .

exploit developers golden age : microsoft was is supporting and making money from windows 2k and unfortunately forgot  protect you from buffer overflow attacks . so old and classic attacks works like a charm and just  maybe in some case  we saw very complex  and smart vulnerabilities but exploitation by itself was not that hard (maybe just some application specific filters / protections )

so because of that poor protection we saw great worms like :

blaster worm one of historic worms ever that used a RPC vuln for attack and fixed in http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS03-026.mspx

and maybe you can remember : “billy gates why do you make this possible ? Stop making money and fix your software!! “

and this cool picture :

slammer worm a great and fast worm that used an SQL Server buffer overflow for attack. that fixed after 6 month !!! in :

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS02-039.mspx

sasser worm another great worm that used lsass remote overflow vulnerability and fixed in: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS04-011.mspx

but there is a question these worms targeted windows XP and 2003 as well too ? yes !

because microsoft did  that great job in windows XP service pack 0 and 1 as well as windows 2003 service pack 0.

also we had lots of great and reliable exploits like :

DCOM RCP Exploit  here by flashsky (xfocus guy)

MS Windows (RPC DCOM) Remote Exploit here by hd moore

Great Kill Bill exploit here (targeting ANS.1) by Alexander Sotirov

MS Windows Plug-and-Play here by sl0ppy and houseofdabus and others .

also some GUI tools for easy exploitation for those even don’t know how they can compile and run an exploit like : RPC GUI v2 – r3L4x.exe

but why we had lots of juicy and clicky – clicky exploits ? there is two main reasons :

1- poor generic OS / application layer  memory protection

2- cool generic public memory exploitation related researches

classic windows stack overflows

lots of great and detailed papers in this area i just wanna link a few of them :

1- Win32 Buffer Overflows (Location, Exploitation and Prevention) by dark spyrit in 1999

http://www.phrack.com/issues.html?issue=55&id=15#article

2- S.K Chong Win32 Stack Based Buffer Overflow Walkthrough  in july 2002

http://www.scan-associates.net/papers/win32_bo_walkthrough.txt

3- Nish Bhalla’s series on  Writing Stack Based Overflows on Windows in 2005

http://www.packetstormsecurity.org/papers/win/

if i want to have brief description of them they all are talking about finding a reliable return address in  a reliable Dynamic Linked Library (MOST in OS DLL’s kernel32.dll ntdll.dll shell32.dll user32.dll and … ) and then after overwriting a function return address by sending big value to not good checked input variable and getting program execution flow redirect that flow to address in DLL that address is mostly JMP / call /  PUSH ESP (stack pointer)  or EBP (base pointer) because most of time in classic stack overflow attacker store her / his malicious code in the stack and a JMP / CALL / PUSH ESP RET will lead his / her to jump to start of shellcode .thats all!

classic windows heap overflows

1 –  Third Generation Exploitation smashing heap on 2k by halvar Flake in 2002

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/win-usa-02/halvarflake-winsec02.ppt

2- Exploiting the MSRPC Heap Overflow two part by Dave Aitel (MS03-026) sep 2003

http://freeworld.thc.org/root/docs/exploit_writing/msrpcheap.pdf

http://freeworld.thc.org/root/docs/exploit_writing/msrpcheap2.pdf

3- david litchfield did a great detailed penetration in black hat 2004

https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/win-usa-04/bh-win-04-litchfield/bh-win-04-litchfield.ppt

if i want to have brief description of them they all are talking about exploiting unlink macro and using write4 (where + what) and actually ability of writing 4byte (32bit ) of selected address in memory by using specific function pointers like :

• UnhandledExceptionFilter
• VectoredExceptionHandling
• RtlEnterCriticalSection
• TEB Exception Handler
• Application specific function pointer

…..

kernel based Windows overflows (not so classic)

because of Inexorability of  this type of attacks i want to share all of most notable history in this area here : (note that  i will back to heap and stack with protections after in it)

=================

First noticeable whitepaper that stated how to attack kernel based vulns on

windows was done by a Polish group called “sec-labs” around 2003 .

http://www.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Full-Disclosure/2003-08/0101.html

sec-lab old whitepaper : http://www.artofhacking.com/tucops/hack/windows/live/aoh_win32dcv.htm

sec-lab old exploit : http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/8329/info

(thanks Piotr Bania !)

1- Windows Local Kernel Exploitation by S.K Chong in 2004 (based on sec-lab research)

http://www.packetstormsecurity.org/hitb04/hitb04-sk-chong.pdf

http://www.scan-associates.net/papers/navx.c

2-Windows interrupt context kernel overflow exploit BY FLASHSKY in 2004

3- How to exploit Windows kernel memory pool in 2005 by SoBeIt

http://packetstormsecurity.nl/Xcon2005/Xcon2005_SoBeIt.pdf

4- in 2005 eeye security published great paper about exploiting remote kernel overflows in windows

http://research.eeye.com/html/papers/download/StepIntoTheRing.pdf

5- later in 2005 matt miller published great article called Kernel-mode Payloads on Windows in uninformed

http://www.uninformed.org/?v=3&a=4&t=pdf

6- in 2006 johny cache hd moore and matt miller released Exploiting 802.11 Wireless Driver Vulnerabilities on Windows

http://www.uninformed.org/?v=6&a=2&t=pdf

7- in 2007 Jonathan Lindsay published and did a presentation in BH US 2007 called Attacking the Windows Kernel

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-07/Lindsay/Whitepaper/bh-usa-07-lindsay-WP.pdf

8- same in  BH US 2007 Yuriy Bulygin did a peresentiation called Remote and Local Exploitation of Network Drivers

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-07/Bulygin/Presentation/bh-usa-07-bulygin.pdf

9- in 2007 also Ruben Santamarta wrote Exploiting Comon Flaws In Drivers

http://www.reversemode.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1

10- in 2008 Justin Seitz  wrote a paper and called I2OMGMT Driver Impersonation Attack

http://www.immunityinc.com/downloads/DriverImpersonationAttack_i2omgmt.pdf

in that paper Justin  talked about new type of kernel attacks and about i2OMGMT bug that founded by ruben.

11- later in 2008 Kostya Kortchinsky did a presentation called Real World Kernel Pool Exploitation

http://sebug.net/paper/Meeting-Documents/syscanhk/KernelPool.pdf

in that presentation kostya  talked about how he wrote exploit for ms08-001 (Microsoft marked it as not-exploitable !)

12- later in 2008 Cesar Cerrudo wrote Token Kidnapping and a super reliable exploit for windows 2k3 and 2k8

• artice :
• http://www.argeniss.com/research/TokenKidnapping.pdf
• poc 2k3:
• http://www.argeniss.com/research/Churrasco.zip
• poc 2k8:
• http://www.argeniss.com/research/Churrasco2.zip

13- again later in 2008 mxtone wrote a paper called Analyzing local privilege escalations in win32k
http://www.uninformed.org/?v=10&a=2&t=pdf

in that paper he analyzed vulnerabilities and exploitation vector of win32k driver .

14- in ucon 2009  Stephen A. Ridley did a presentation called Intro to Windows Kernel Security Development
download it here

15- Tavis Ormandy, Julien Tinnes and great presentation called There’s a party at ring0 and you’re invited
http://www.cr0.org/paper/to-jt-party-at-ring0.pdf

16- in January 2010 Matthew “j00ru” Jurczyk and Gynvael Coldwind, Hispasec wrote a detailed paper called GDT and LDT in Windows kernel vulnerability exploitation.
http://vexillium.org/dl.php?call_gate_exploitation.pdf
in that  paper they describes some possible ways of exploiting kernel-mode write-what-where vulnerabilities in a stable manner

17- later  they did a presentation called Case Study of Recent Windows Vulnerabilities in HITB 2010

Windows memory protections !

OK so now we are going back to user-land this time with memory protections !

due to  lots of generic exploitation methods as well as lots of worms  ! Microsoft decided to use of memory protections in hardware and software layer. so from windows XP SP2 (Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005) , Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 (OS level) and from visual studio 2003 (compiler level) added lots of memory protections functionality.

here i’m going to have brief history of them and then  i will introduce  great researchers and their research against memory protections .

1- Data Execution Prevention (DEP)

DEP is a security feature included in modern Microsoft Windows operating systems that is intended to prevent an application or service from executing code from a non-executable memory region. This helps prevent certain exploits that store code via a buffer overflow, for example.

hardware-enforced DEP for CPUs that can mark memory pages as non-executable, and software-enforced DEP with a limited prevention for CPUs that do not have hardware support.

in windows XP SP2 and windows 2003 sp1 and sp2 you can get access on DEP setting by editing boot.ini in noexecute section.

there is four options :

1- OptIn : DEP only will work for all of windows services as well as  necessary programs.

2- OptOut: DEP  will work for all of windows services as well as  all of 3d-party installed program but you can add some process as            exception from controll panel.

3- AlwaysOn : fully protected by DEP no exception is acceptable.

4- AlwaysOff : Go to hell DEP , turns DEP off .

most of CPUs those are made after 2004 (AMD , Intel) can support hardware DEP.

read more on DEP : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/875352

/GS (Buffer Security Check)

GS (a.k.a stack cookie) is a compiler option that added from visual studio 2003 and will detects some buffer overruns that overwrite the return address, a common technique for exploiting code that does not enforce buffer size restrictions. This is achieved by injecting security checks into the compiled code.

so by using /GS flag compiler will add __security_init_cookie() function to your program and each time you want to overwrite a function return address you actually overwrite cookie as well and so comparison of cookie will fall so process will be terminate and you can’t use your return address.

for more detail read : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa290051

/SAFESEH

a linked option also system functionality added in visual studio 2005. when a program is linked with /SAFESEH in header of file will be contain of a acceptable Exception Handler Table. so each time an exception occurs and attacker wants overwrite a record from exception handler the ntdll dispatcher will understand this and will terminate program execution.

for more detail read : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/9a89h429(VS.80).aspx

ASLR

for more detail read : here

SEHOP

used in most modern windows operation systems like 2008 and 7 . the idea beyond this new mitigation comes from matt miller article called Preventing the Exploitation of SEH Overwrites. for detailed explanation of this protection just read flowing link :

http://blogs.technet.com/srd/archive/2009/02/02/preventing-the-exploitation-of-seh-overwrites-with-sehop.aspx

Heap Protection

Microsoft also introduce to some new heap protections like heap meta cookie , safe unlinking , and in newer systems (after vista) function pointer obfuscation and so on …

==================================================

Advanced Windows Exploitation (bypassing filter and protections )

after 2005 exploitation getting harder and harder and number of public and “white-hat” hackers who can made a reliable multi platform exploit for modern windows OS was not too much.

in this section i want to have review on most important and noticeable researches against protections.

1- Third Generation Exploitation smashing heap on 2k by halvar Flake in 2002

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/win-usa-02/halvarflake-winsec02.ppt

windows 2k heap exploitation.

2- chris anley wrote Creating Arbitrary Shellcode In Unicode Expanded Strings

http://www.net-security.org/dl/articles/unicodebo.pdf

this was first public article about unicode based shellcode and is also known as “Venetian” shellcode. the method explained in this paper was good enough to making poor ASCII shellcodes .

3- Dave aitel advanced windows exploitation in 2003

http://www.immunityinc.com/downloads/immunity_win32_exploitation.final2.ppt

in that talk dave talked about no so typical windows exploitation and start making game more advanced .

4- Defeating the Stack Based Buffer Overflow Prevention Mechanism of Microsoft Windows 2003 Server by david litchfield

http://www.ngssoftware.com/papers/defeating-w2k3-stack-protection.pdf

this paper actually was first detailed paper about abusing SEH (structured exception handler)  and the generic way to bypass /GS  and also write not lots of public exploit are using this method for exploitation so it also can called one of most important research in windows exploitation history.

5- reliable heap exploits  (matt Conover  in cansecwest 2004 ) and after that Windows Heap Exploitation (Win2KSP0 through WinXPSP2)

http://cybertech.net/~sh0ksh0k/projects/winheap/XPSP2%20Heap%20Exploitation.ppt

i think that was one of most important heap related research in history of windows exploitation a great and gentle introduction to overwrite a chunk on lookaside list for bypassing safe unlinking and also give lots of great information  about windows heap manager internals .

6- later in 2004 matt miller wrote an article Safely Searching Process Virtual Address Space

http://www.hick.org/code/skape/papers/egghunt-shellcode.pdf

this article was first great and public article about using egg-hunter shellcode and it’s about when we have limited memory space for our shellcode and we can store our big and main shellcode some-where in memory. this can be also called practical introduction to search shellcodes .

7- later in 2004  skylined wrote on IE exploit and used a technology called Heap Spray

http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/612

heap spray is one of most important technologies even in modern exploitation and it’s about code that sprays the heap attempts to put a certain sequence of bytes at a predetermined location in the memory of a target process by having it allocate (large) blocks on the process’ heap and fill the bytes in these blocks with the right values. They commonly take advantage from the fact that these heap blocks will roughly be in the same location every time the heap spray is run.

for a few years heap spray was just used in java script and mostly in browsers but today modern attackers are using anything possible to allocate more heap for sparing .  like action script , silver light , bmp files and … and not just in browsers !  from my point of view heap spray is like cheating in modern exploitation !

8- bypassing hardware-enforced DEP skape (matt miller) Skywing (ken johnson) (in October 2005)

http://www.uninformed.org/?v=2&a=4&t=pdf

yay ! they finally did it . hardware enforced DEP bypassed by using a return to libc style attack . in simple explanation  the problem was in not CPU the problem and weakness was in windows related API that was used for setting DEP for various process. and the API was NtSetInformationProcess. but there was some simple problem in that article like they forget talk about it we need to to have EBP always writable.

9- Exploiting Freelist[0] On XP Service Pack 2 by brett moore (dec 2005)

download here

this is was another great example of bypassing heap protections by using Freelist[0] and really useful is some case .

10 -  later in 2005 matt miller published great article called Kernel-mode Payloads on Windows in uninformed

http://www.uninformed.org/?v=3&a=4&t=pdf

this article was great article for porting exploits to kernel-land.

11-  in 2006 johny cache hd moore and matt miller released Exploiting 802.11 Wireless Driver Vulnerabilities on Windows

http://www.uninformed.org/?v=6&a=2&t=pdf

good example of real-world driver exploitation.

12-  in 2007  Ruben Santamarta wrote Exploiting Comon Flaws In Drivers

Read it here

note that before ruben we can find lots of great research about this topic but  ruben makes  it different . he  made a tool that called kartoffel which is a great driver fuzzer for finding IOCTL vulnerabilities  in drivers. but kartoffel was not main reason to make it different.

after he wrote kartofell and published lots of detailed advisories in various vendor drivers , windows driver exploitation got speed and changed to one of focusable area in exploitation .

13- Heap Feng Shui in JavaScript by Alexander sotirov (2007)

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-europe-07/Sotirov/Presentation/bh-eu-07-sotirov-apr19.pdf

notable improvements to skylined heap spray technology . heap spray was good but blind and not so reliable is some case.  Heap Feng Shui is great research about doing advanced FU in heap  (heap manipulation) it will lead you to have more control on heap.

14- Understanding and bypassing Windows Heap Protection by Nicolas Waisman (2007)

http://kkamagui.springnote.com/pages/1350732/attachments/579350

nico is one of a few guys that focused on windows heap he also developed immunity debugger heaplib and did lots of great heap related researches. he is one of world leading heap !

15- Heaps About Heaps by brett moore (in 2008)

http://www.insomniasec.com/publications/Heaps_About_Heaps.ppt

that was one of most complete researches about heap. yes that is just a few slides but great hint if you want do something on heap !

16- Bypassing browser memory protections in Windows Vista  by Mark Dowd and Alex Sotirov (in 2008)

http://taossa.com/archive/bh08sotirovdowd.pdf

one of most greatest exploitation related research with a focus on bypassing browsers memory protections in vista .

great  generic .net shellcode trick (loading a .net dll and use shellcode in it),  java spraying , deep into  combined protections  and great ways to bypassing them.

17 – Attacking the Vista Heap by ben hawkes (in 2008)

http://www.ruxcon.org.au/files/2008/hawkes_ruxcon.pdf

great research about vista heap internals and some ways to bypassing vista heap protections.

18- Return oriented programming Exploitation without Code Injection by Hovav Shacham  (and others ) (in 2008)

http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/blackhat08.pdf

not a so new technology. it’s just our old code reuse ! but with great official introduction he call it  Return-Oriented-Programming (now known as ROP ). this technology is great to bypass permanent DEP (vista / 7 / 2008) (because you can’t use return-to-libc style attack anymore)

19- Cesar Cerrudo wrote Token Kidnapping and a super reliable exploit for windows 2k3 and 2k8 (2008)

http://www.argeniss.com/research/TokenKidnapping.pdf

20- Defeating DEP Immunity Way by Pablo sole (2008)

http://www.immunityinc.com/downloads/DEPLIB.pdf

first automation of ROP . thats it ;)

21- Practical Windows XP2003 Heap Exploitation (bh 2009) by John McDonald and Chris Valasek.

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/MCDONALD/BHUSA09-McDonald-WindowsHeap-PAPER.pdf

if you want write a heap exploit for modern OS . you should read this one . most complete heap related article .

22- Bypassing SEHOP  by Stefan Le Berre Damien Cauquil (in 2009)

http://www.sysdream.com/articles/sehop_en.pdf

cool and good research ! but ALSR will make it not so useful because SEHOP = SEHOP + ASLR

23- Interpreter Exploitation  : Pointer Inference and JIT Spraying by Dionysus Blazakis (2010)

http://www.semantiscope.com/research/BHDC2010/BHDC-2010-Paper.pdf

http://www.semantiscope.com/research/BHDC2010/BHDC-2010-Slides-v2.pdf

Great ! exploitation is still alive . generic exploitation method for bypassing DEP and ASLR together . if you read and understand it you can write lots of exploits for windows 7 !

24- write-up of Pwn2Own 2010 by  Peter Vreugdenhil (2010)

http://vreugdenhilresearch.nl/Pwn2Own-2010-Windows7-InternetExplorer8.pdf

a great and short article about how to own DEP+ASLR without any 3rd-party plugin

(used two vulnerability and toke around 4 minutes)

25- ruben santamarta all in one 0day presented in rootedCON (2010)

http://wintercore.com/downloads/rootedcon_0day_english.pdf

some great idea for bypassing IE XSS Filter and protected mod not exploitation specific but it’s great for being combined with other exploitation methods .

=========================================================

history of some not so typical windows exploits:

in this section i’m going to archive some of interesting exploits i saw you can learn lots of things from them !

1- one of first real-world HW-DEP bypass Exploit by devcode : here

2- bypassing DEP by returning into HeapCreate by toto : here

3- first public ASLR bypass exploit by using partial overwrite  by skape (matt miller) : here

4- heap spray and bypassing DEP by skylined : here

5- first public exploit that used ROP  for bypassing DEP in adobe lib TIFF vulnerability : here (is this case ASLR bypass is possible !)

6-  exploit codes of bypassing browsers memory protections : here

7-  Cesar Cerrudo PoC’s on Tokken TokenKidnapping .  PoC for  2k3: here , PoC 2k8: here

8- Tavis Ormandy KiTra0d an exploit works from win 3.1 to win 7 . PoC here (metasploit updated module works more interesting !)

9- old ms08-067 metasploit module multi-target and DEP bypass  PoC here

10- PHP 6.0 Dev str_transliterate() Buffer overflow – NX + ASLR Bypass (using ROP and Brute Forcing ASLR) PoC here

11- Stephen Fewer SMBv2 Exploit . PoC here

note 1  :there is lots of other interesting exploits in windows platform you can just find them in here and also here .

note 2: i saw lots of other great and advanced exploits in commercial packages . (they are commercial so forget them ;) )

===================================================

history of related windows exploitation books !

in this section i’m going to archive some books about windows exploitation.

1- Exploiting Software How to Break Code By (Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw)

2- The Art of Software Security Assessment: Identifying and Preventing Software Vulnerabilities (By Mark Dowd, John McDonald)

3- Buffer Overflow Attacks: Detect, Exploit, Prevent (by James C. Foster)

4- Windows Internals (by Mark Russinovich , David A. Solomon, Alex Ionescu)

5-  The Shellcoders Handbook Discovering and Exploiting Security

(by Jack Koziol, David Litchfield, Dave Aitel, Chris Anley, Sinan Eren, Neel Mehta, and Riley Hassell)

6- Software Vulnerability Guide ( by HERBERT H. THOMPSON , SCOTT G. CHASE)

7- ADVANCED WINDOWS DEBUGGING (by Mario Heward , Daniel Pravat)

8- Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering

9- great step by step exploit writing tutorials by my friend Peter Van Eeckhoutte :

1. Exploit writting tutorial part 1:Stack Based Overflows – here
2. Exploit writting tutorial part 2: Stack Based Overflows – jumping to shellcode – here
3. Exploit writting tutorial part 3: SEH Based Exploits – here
4. Exploit writting tutorial part 3b: SEH Based Exploits - just another example  - here
5. Exploit writting tutorial part 4: From Exploit to Metasploit – here
6. Exploit writting tutorial part 5:  speed up basic exploit development – here
7. Exploit writting tutorial part 6: Bypassing GS, SafeSeh, SEHOP, HW DEP and ASLR – here
8. Exploit writting tutorial part 7: Unicode – from 0×00410041 to calc – here
9. Exploit writting tutorial part 8: Win32 Egg Hunting - here
10. Exploit writting tutorial part 9: Introduction to Win32 shellcoding – here

also he wrote a cool immunity debugger PyCommand called PveFindAddr i think this python script is necessary for speed-up exploit development for newbie or expert exploit developers and i found it so useful , it have some cool features like finding instructions for code reuse and ROP also finding state of memory protections and finding best return address in your situation.

this is not complete lits of exploitation related book / articles list i just listed those had at least one windows specific chapter .

PART III : Future of exploitation

Starring : T.B.A

1- exploitation is not and will not die.

2- just will change and being more harder also won’t be ” just for fun” like before.

3- writing reliable exploits will take time and time == money and now exploit development is acceptable specific job in security area !

4- fame == money as well (also is lovely by itself) .  so you will see other great researches in various security fields ;)

5- if you read all of resources exist in post you can be a great exploit developer ; )

PS1 : during writing this post due to lots of links and peoples on it maybe i forgot some notable people / article you can alert me about them just by shahin [at] abysssec.com

PS2 : i wrote this post so fast (and took long time !) i will edit my Misspellings and grammatical in good time.

i need to go and take 0XCC00FFEE .

have fun .

we are not dead , just really busy in doing our projects . but there is a few notes  I’d like to enclose with you  .first of all about 2 Web Based vulnerability we’ve report to milw0rm .  we haven’t free time to working on educational sources . and those vulnerability was special for us because those portal was commercial portals uses for our “government”  , “private” web sites. and we’ve report those for helping our autonomous applications .

by the way if you like to see those vulnerabilities here you are :

first DOURAN Portal <= 3.9.0.23 Multiple Remote Vulnerabilities

second Dana Portal Remote Change Admin Password Exploit

third about adobe exploit my next  writeup will be about PDF hacking / exploiting stuff (soon) .

and finally about future :

we believe to “no more free bugs” so after reporting a few more vulnerabilities / exploit maybe we don’t report more transparent / reliable exploit (as past) . maybe just PoC’s or just papers or just advisories titles or … . but who knows ?!

then :

we will try to update site with respectable index and more post on our blogs but you should take our apology for our late and unfaithfulness .

and final note :

unfortunately for a few reasons we disabled  commenting system on blogs but feel free to contact us with our mails.

for now you can use admin [at] abysssec.com .

keep on to visit us .

hope to see you soon .